Easter 3
Preaching
Lectionary Preaching Workbook - SERIES C
The Lessons
Acts 9:1-20 (C, L)
The conversion of Paul on the road to Damascus. This is the first of three Lukan accounts of Paul's conversion from hostility to support of Christ and the church. It is a key incident in the life of the early church. The risen Christ stops Paul in his tracks and enlists him as an apostle. It was a dramatic and radical change in Paul's life, from a persecutor to a propagator of the church. Christ comes to him as light which blinds him. He does not see that opposition to the church is persecution of Christ. After a three-day fast, Paul is baptized by Ananias, receives the Spirit, and begins to preach Christ as the Son of God.
Acts 5:27-32, 40-41 (RC)
See Easter 2.
Revelation 5:11-14
Every creature in heaven and in earth worship Christ, the Lamb. To understand this passage it would be helpful to review the preceding context beginning with chapter 4. God is on the throne in heaven. Around the throne are twenty-four thrones with elders. Before the throne are the seven spirits of God. Also around the throne are the four living creatures. God holds in his right hand a scroll. Only Christ, the Lamb, is worthy to take and open the scroll with seven seals. When the Lamb takes the scroll, the company of heaven falls down to worship him. Now comes our pericope: The multitudes in heaven praise the Lamb, and every creature in earth and in heaven worships God on the throne and the Lamb.
John 21:1-19
Jesus prepares breakfast for Disciples at the Sea of Galilee and recalls Peter. John 21 is considered by many scholars as an appendix to John's gospel by the Johannine school. The passage is an account of another appearance of the risen Lord to his Disciples. Seven of them decided to go fishing. The account is strangely similar to Peter's call in Luke 5: fishing all night and catching nothing, and the miraculous catch of fish. Only John recogized the stranger on the beach as Jesus. True to his nature as an impulsive activist, Peter swims ashore to be with Jesus. After serving breakfast to the men, Jesus recalls Peter as a disciple who was to express his love by feeding Jesus' sheep.
Prayer of the Day
"O God, by the humiliation of your Son, you lifted up this fallen world, rescuing us from the hopelessness of death. Grant your faithful people a share in the joys that are eternal."
Hymn of the Day
"Look, Now he Stands!"
Theme of the Day: Results of the Resurrection
Gospel - The reinstatement of Peter.
Lesson 1 - The conversion of Paul.
Lesson 2 - The worship of the risen Lamb.
Jesus was raised by God from death. So what? What difference does it make? What happened after the resurrection? Our Lessons today tell us of some of the results of his resurrection. The risen Lord comes to seven of his Disciples who are fishing in the Galilean Sea, prepares breakfast for them, and recalls Peter as a disciple. (Gospel) With Paul it is a case of receiving the first call by the risen Christ who confronts him while he goes to arrest Christians. (Lesson 1) Heaven and earth join in worshiping the risen Christ as the Lamb of God who is worthy to be praised. (Lesson 2) The Psalm refers to this worship. The prayer calls upon the people to share in the joy of the risen Lord. The hymn continues the Easter theme of Jesus' resurrection.
Theological Reflections
Gospel:
John 21:1-19
1. Again (v. 1). The risen Jesus again revealed himself. Why again and again and again? He revealed himself to Mary Magdalene, to the Disciples on Easter, again a week later, to the men on the road to Emmaus - again and again. It would seem that once would be enough. Perhaps Jesus revealed him-self over and over to make sure that the church would be certain of his resurrection. Later he appeared to Paul, and he needs to appear to us today so we can say, "The Lord lives!"
2. Clothes (v. 7). When one goes swimming, the custom is to take off one's clothes, at least almost all! In this case Peter put on his clothes and then jumped off the boat to swim to Jesus. Why? Was it only a case of modesty? Or was it a symbol of Peter's guilt for having sinned by his denials? When Adam and Eve sinned, they clothed themselves with fig leaves. When we do wrong, we instinctively want to cover up.
3. Third (v. 17). We can understand, can't we, why Peter was aggravated by Jesus' asking him the same question three times. Since Jesus knew all things, he knew that Peter loved him. Why then repeat the question? Was it to match the triple denial? It was for Peter's sake that Jesus asked him the third time if he loved him. It is easy to flippantly say "Yes." Do you really love Jesus? Do you know what is involved when you say you love him? Three questions give you time to think it through.
Lesson 1: Acts 9:1-20
1. Persecute (v. 5). The risen Christ accuses Paul of persecuting him. "Why do you persecute me?" Paul had no idea of persecuting a Jesus he did not even know, for Paul asked, "Who are you?" Yes, he was persecuting followers of Jesus. At the time Paul did not realize that what one does, good or bad, to one of Jesus' people is done to Jesus personally. "Inasmuch as you have done it unto one of the least of these my brethren, you have done it unto me."
2. Eyes (v. 8). The light from heaven came upon Paul. After speaking to Jesus, Paul opened his eyes but saw nothing. Jesus described himself as the light of the world. As light Christ comes to Paul - a penetrating, blinding light because of the glory of Christ. Like Paul we have eyes but see nothing. We have sight but not insight.
3. Instrument (v. 15). When Ananias objected to Jesus' command to go to Paul, Jesus explained that Paul one day would be his "chosen instrument." A follower and servant of Jesus can best be understood as an "instrument." An instrument is a means to accomplish something. The instrument does not do it and therefore can claim no credit or glory; it is used to doing it. The scapel is a doctor's instrument to bring health. A piano is an instrument to bring forth music. Without an instrument the person is helpless.
Lesson 1: Acts 5:27-32, 40-41 - See Easter 2.
Lesson 2: Revelation 5:11-14
1. Worthy (v. 12). It takes a special person to enter into the secrets of God. Who is worthy to open the scroll that tells of God's future plans for the end of the world? Who is worthy to rule the universe? For such high privilege and responsibility one must be worthy. Who is worthy to come into God's presence? Who is worthy to receive the Holy Communion? Who is worthy to be called into God's service? Think about it: Are you worthy?
2. Lamb (v. 12). The risen Jesus is referred to in heaven as the "Lamb." John the Baptizer hailed Jesus as "the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world." The Lamb refers to the sacrificial Lamb that was killed to take away sins. Jesus is the human lamb given by God for the redemption of sin. Without the shedding of blood, there is no redemption. An awful price had to be paid to reconcile God and humanity.
3. Amen (v. 14). It is a Hebrew word to say "I agree" or "It is true" or "Right on!" It is a way of saying, "Truly, it shall be done." In prayer it is not only a way to end a prayer but to express confidence that God will answer the prayer. In a sermon people may say "Amen" to confirm the truth -"I agree. Yes, you are right about that." The elders in heaven said "Amen" to the declaration that God and the Lamb deserved blessing, honor, and glory.
Preaching Possibilities
Three Lessons
Acts 9:1-20; Revelation 5:11-14; John 21:1-19
I Know My Redeemer Lives
Need: The ultimate proof of the resurrection is the living presence of the risen Jesus in our lives. Circumstantial evidence of an empty tomb, the witnesses, and reason may be helpful, but when the risen Jesus is a reality in our lives there is no longer any question about his reality.
Outline: How do you know Christ lives?
a. He lives to change my life - Lesson 1
b. He lives to recall me to discipleship - Gospel
c. He lives to give me vision - Lesson 2
Gospel:
John 21:1-19
1. Results of the Resurrection. 21:1-19
The gospel for Easter 3 gives us an account of the risen Christ's appearance to the disciples at the Sea of Tiberias (Galilee). Jesus provides and prepares an early breakfast for his friends. We can see Jesus' purpose in going to the disciples:
a. To recover them for his cause
Led by Peter, they went back to fishing, their former livelihood. Apparently they dropped out of the cause of Christ and intended to take up where they left off. Jesus had to re-enlist them as disciples and leaders of the future kingdom. If he had not done this, his cause would have been lost and his mission in vain.
b. To recall
The disciples had left the call to follow him and plant the kingdom. His meeting with the disciples was to renew their commitment to him and his mission. This gospel (John 21:1-14) should be compared with Luke 5:1-11, the calling of Peter after a miraculous draught of fish. John 21:1-14 repeats the fishing all night and catching nothing, the letting down of the nets at Jesus' direction, the multitude of fish, and the calling of Peter. Now Peter is given a re-call.
c. To reconcile
Since Peter's denial, the relationship with Jesus was in need of repair. There had to be a confrontation and a re-establishing of the relationship. Three times Jesus asks Peter, "Do you love me?" Three times Peter confesses he does, and Jesus commands him to care for his sheep. Peter is now re-instated, the relationship is re-established, and Peter again is in charge of the movement. This could be grist for the sermon mill, for many church members are like Peter who have back-slid or dropped out of the church. They, too, need to be re-instated, recovered, and re-charged for future kingdom building.
2. A Cook-Out for a Drop-Out. 21:1-14
Need: There is a wholesale drop-out from church after Easter. Many will not be seen until Christmas. Others have become inactive and are seldom seen at church. This sermon speaks to that need through the example of Peter and the disciples after Easter.
Sermon: Jesus prepares a cook-out breakfast on the shore of Galilee for his drop-out disciples, particularly Peter.
a. The drop-out - "I am going fishing" - v. 3
Peter led other disciples back to their former occupation, fishing. Apparently, they thought the show was over, the movement ended, and that it was good while it lasted. They go back to their former way of life - catchers of fish rather than catchers of men.
b. The Stranger on the beach - vv. 4-8
1. The Stranger gives directions on where to fish.
2. The Stranger is recognized by the disciple who loved the most.
3. The guilt of Peter - puts on his clothes to swim to shore.
c. Breakfast with the risen Lord - vv. 9-14
It was Jesus' party: He provided the food, prepared it, and distributed it. It was another "Last Supper." They had breakfast together as a re-united brotherhood.
3. "It's Just Like Jesus." 21:1-14
Need: People need to really know Jesus. The risen and ascended Christ seems to many to be above and beyond them. They have no idea who he is or what he is like. Jesus needs to be more than an historical figure of antiquity and more than a celestial figure of heaven. How can Jesus be recognized here on earth?
Sermon: The Disciples had the problem of recognizing the risen Lord at the Sea of Galilee. There was a stranger calling to the men on the boat fishing. "The Disciples did not know that it was Jesus." How they came to know who it was - they recognized in the stranger things that only Jesus would do:
a. It was just like Jesus to come to them.
He always came to them when they needed him. Having fished all night and not having caught anything, they needed help.
b. It was just like Jesus to perform a miracle.
Who but Jesus could catch fish when there were none?
C. It was just like Jesus to provide food.
He did it when feeding the 5,000 and when they were in the Upper Room.
Lesson 1: Acts 9:1-20
1. You Can Be Changed. 9:1-20
Need: It is good news that we can be changed. Most of us feel the need of improvement in our lives. We are not what we should be nor what God intends us to be. When the risen Lord comes to us, he makes basic changes in our lives. This can be seen in Paul's conversion.
Outline: You can be changed -
a. From unbelief to belief - vv. 1, 2, 20
b. From blindness to sight - vv. 8, 18
c. From persecutor to preacher - vv. 1, 2, 20
2. Are You Living in BC or AC? 9:1-20
Need: History is traditionally divided into BC and AD - Before Christ and In the year of our Lord. Today's Pluralism is changing this to BCE and CE - Before the Common Era and Common Era. For our individual lives we could call it BC and AC - before and after Christ. In Paul we can see the difference between BC and AC.
Outline: Are you living in BC or AC?
a. Life before Christ
1. Hostile to the church - vv. 1, 2
2. Persecute Christ by sin - v. 4
3. Blind to the nature of Christ - v. 8
b. Life after Christ
1. Prayer - v. 11
2. Chosen to serve - v. 15
3. Witness - v. 20
Lesson 1: Acts 5:27-32, 40-41 - See Easter 2.
Lesson 2: Revelation 5:11-14
1. Is Christ Worth It? 5:11-14
Need: To worship means that the One we worship is worth our worship. How big and great is our God? If he is just one of us, a big brother, or the old man upstairs, we will not feel like worshiping one so like us. To worship we need a transcendent God, the totally other one full of glory, majesty, and power. Before such a One we bow and we adore and praise. In heaven the saints and angels worship before a glorious and majestic God.
Outline: Is Christ worthy?
a. Worthy of being King of kings? - v. 12
b. Worthy of our worship - vv. 13-14
2. What is There to do in heaven? 5:11-14
Need: Many are curious about heaven: what it is like, who is there, and what people are doing there. Some have false ideas about activity in heaven: doing nothing forever, walking on streets of gold, playing harps. Those who do not care for praising and serving Christ on earth may not be interested in the heaven portrayed by John.
Outline: John sees what people are doing in heaven -
a. What everyone does, no exceptions - v. 13
b. Praise the risen Christ - v. 12
c. Worship the Christ - v. 14
EASTER 4
The Lessons
Acts 13:15-16, 26-33 (C)
Acts 13:15-16a, 26-33 (L)
Paul preaches the Gospel in a synagogue at Antioch of Pisidia.
This pericope is part of one of Paul's six sermons in Acts. It is addressed to the assembled congregation in a synagogue at Antioch of Pisidia on his first missionary journey. In this sermon Paul traces Jewish history which culminates in Christ who was killed as an innocent person by the Jews. They did not recognize who Jesus was and they did not understand the prophets. Jesus' crucifixion fulfilled the prophecies and both Jews and Gentiles are the inheritors of the fulfilled promises. The sermon aroused persecution and Paul and Barnabas were driven out of the district.
Acts 13:14, 43-52 (RC)
See Easter 5.
Revelation 7:9-17 (C, L)
Revelation 7:9, 14-17 (RC)
A vision of heaven: who is there and what they are doing.
Chapter 7 is an interlude between the sixth and seventh seal on the scroll opened by the Lamb. The first scene (vv. 9-12) is a victory celebration over persecution. The second scene (vv. 13-17) shows the martyrs in their dress and reward. This vision is to assure those undergoing trials for their faith that they will be able to endure the persecution and will have a future glory with God in heaven.
John 10:22-30 (C, L)
John 10:27-30 (RC)
The Good Shepherd will give eternal life and security to his sheep.
During the Feast of Re-dedication the Jews demand of Jesus a simple, plain answer whether he is the Messiah. His references to himself as the Good Shepherd, Door, and Bread of Life are not clear enough to them. Jesus tells them that his followers know him and that he can be known by his deeds. To know him one must belong to him. His sheep belong to him, know him, and recognize his voice. They know they have eternal life and security in his hands. To be in his hands is also to be in God's hands, for he and the Father are one.
Prayer of the Day
"God of all power, you called from death our Lord Jesus, the great shepherd of the sheep. Send us as shepherds to rescue the lost, to heal the injured, and to feed one another with knowledge and understanding."
Hymn of the Day
"Savior, Like a Shepherd Lead Us"
Theme of the Day: The Identity of the Risen Jesus
Gospel - The Divine Shepherd (v. 30)
Lesson 1 - The Son of God (v. 33)
Lesson 2 - The Lamb of God (v. 17)
Each year the Fourth Sunday of Easter is known as "Good Shepherd" day. The Good Shepherd chapter, John 10, is covered over the three years of the lectionary. The theme of the shepherd is carried in the lections: Lesson 2 speaks of Jesus as the "Lamb." In the Gospel Jesus refers to "my sheep." The prayer refers to "the great shepherd of the sheep." The hymn asks Jesus to lead us like a shepherd.
Theological Reflections
Gospel:
John 10:22-30
1. Believe (v. 25). The Jews of Jesus' day wanted Jesus to tell them plainly and simply whether he was the Messiah. They would never know who he was because they did not "believe" in him. Outsiders - atheists, agnostics, skeptics - will never really know the true nature of Jesus as long as they stand in mockery and unbelief. First one believes and then comes the understanding.
2. Belong (v. 26). Another reason for the Jews' not knowing who Jesus was is the fact that they were not among his followers. They stood on the outside as spectators and critics. Only those in the fold can know, understand, and appreciate who Jesus is. Bernard of Clairvaux understood this when in a hymn he writes, "The Love of Jesus, what it is, none but his loved ones know."
3. Never (v. 28). We have heard it said, "Never say 'never'." It is a broad, all-inclusive word that allows no exceptions. Jesus used the word to assure us that his people will never be taken from him by another person or force. This gives the Christian a sense of permanent security. Indeed, a person may voluntarily leave Christ, but he will not allow anyone nor anything to deprive us of Christ against our wills.
Lesson 1: Acts 13:15-16, 26-33
1. Listen (v. 16). In his opening words Paul asks his congregation to "listen" to what he has to say. Preaching is a partnership. As a minister needs to master the art of preaching, the people need to learn how to listen, for it, too, is an art. If there is no listening, preaching is in vain. The task of the preacher is to make certain that what is said is worth listening to.
2. Because (v. 27). Why was Jesus killed? In his sermon Paul answers. He gives two reasons. First, the Jews did not "recognize" Jesus as the Messiah, the very Son of God who came to redeem the world. If they had known who he was, they would have worshiped instead of crucifying him. Second, they did not understand the teachings of their Bible. If they had, they would have seen Jesus as the fulfillment of its prophecies.
3. They (v. 29). The people who crucified Jesus were unknowingly instruments in God's plan of salvation. Paul refers to "they" as the ones who fulfilled the prophecies by what they did to Jesus. Does this exonerate them from the crime of murdering God's Son. The truth is that God fulfills his promises through the cooperation of people, even the wicked.
Lesson 1: Acts 13:14, 43-52 - See Easter 5.
Lesson 2: Revelation 7:9-17
1. Every (v. 9). Heaven is a crowded place. John sees a multitude there. They come from "every" nation, tribe, people, and language. No one group or even one church has a monopoly on heaven. Baptists need not be surprised that Catholics are there! It naturally follows the fact that Christ died for the sins of the world and not for any segment of it.
2. Who (v. 13). Who are these people in heaven? It is a mystery why an elder would ask the question of John, a mere mortal on earth. The inhabitants of heaven are those who have washed their robes in the blood of the Lamb. Who then gets to heaven? The criterion is not knowledge, power, or wealth. The way to heaven is acceptance of Jesus as Savior by faith.
3. Wipe (v. 17). Here is one of the most tender and compassionate verses of the Bible. None other than Almighty God himself dries the tears of those who have suffered on earth. In love God wipes away tears as a dear mother comforts her weeping child. And it is not some tears, but "every" tear is wiped away. Sorrow is no more. Heaven is all joy.
Preaching Possibilities
Easter 4 and the Easter Season
The gospel of Easter 4 is the first in the Easter gospels not to deal with a resurrection appearance. Yet, it is in harmony with the preceding gospels. On Easter 1 we were given the fact of the resurrection. On Easter 2 we had a faith experience with the person of the resurrection. On Easter 3 we had fellowship with the risen Christ on the shore of Galilee. Now, in today's gospel, we are given the identity of this resurrection person. Is he the same person as Jesus of Nazareth was? Has the resurrection made any difference in him? Who is this glorified Jesus? In Lesson 1, Paul teaches that he is the Son of God. In Lesson 2, Jesus is one with the Father in the glory of heaven. In the gospel, Jesus tells who he is - a divine shepherd, one with God, who knows, keeps, and gives eternal life to his sheep. The sermon for the day may deal with the nature of the Easter Christ, as he was before the cross, and as he is today in the faith of the church and in heaven.
Three Lessons
Acts 13:15-16, 26-33; Revelation 7:9-17; John 10:22-30
Getting to Know the Risen Jesus
Need: The problem some had with the resurrected Jesus was their recognition of him. This was the problem of Mary Magdalene, the two Disciples on the road to Emmaus, and to Thomas. The resurrected Jesus may be difficult for us to recognize because now he is more that a peasant of Galilee. In the Lessons, we learn who he is in his resurrected state.
Outline: The resurrected Jesus is -
a. Your leader: the Divine Shepherd - Gospel
b. Your king: the Son of God - Lesson 1
c. Your Savior: the Lamb of God - Lesson 2
Gospel:
John 10:22-30
1. Jesus, Who?
Need: Our lives depend on knowing who Jesus really is. If the people who asked on Palm Sunday about Jesus, "Who is this?", had known who he really was, they could not have rejected him. If Pilate had known, he would not have sentenced him to death. If the religious leaders had known, they would not have plotted his death, for Jesus prayed, "They know not what they do." At the well, Jesus said to the woman, "If you know who it was who asked you for a drink, you would have asked him for living water." How is it that some recognized Jesus as the Christ - Simeon, John the Baptizer - and others did not - Philip, the disciples on the Emmaus road, Pilate, the Pharisees? How many in today's congregation would recognize Jesus if they saw him? What people do for the church depends ultimately on the degree of realizing who he is. The gospel brings the problem to us by telling of the Pharisees who directly challenged Jesus, "If you are the Christ, tell us plainly."
Sermon: The text tells us how we can know the real Jesus -
a. His words - "I told you," v. 25a
b. His works - "The works bear witness to me." v. 25b
c. His workers (Sheep) - "You do not believe because you do not belong to my sheep." v. 26
2. Spiritual Security. 10:28, 29
Need: People crave security: social, job, financial. Also spiritual security? The need is expressed in the hymn, "Blessed Assurance." A preacher was once asked by a newspaper reporter, "What is the most important thing you have learned about God?" The reply, "That God can be trusted in every circumstance of life." How many can truthfully say, "It is good with my soul" or "I am going to heaven?" In today's gospel, Jesus describes the security his sheep enjoy. There is talk these days about the future soundness of the Social Security system. Will our spiritual security ever fail us?
Sermon: You can be sure for all time of your spiritual security because -
a. You belong to God's flock, "Who has given them to me." v. 29
b. You have Jesus' promise, "No one shall snatch them out of my hand." v. 28c
c. You are given eternal life. "I give them eternal life." v. 28a
3. One and One Makes One. 10:30 "I and the Father are one."
Need: What does it mean to say Jesus is more than a teacher, prophet, or martyr? The ultimate in understanding Jesus' identity is his deity. In the gospel Jesus says he and the Father are one. In quoting a psalm, Paul in Lesson 1 says Jesus is the Son of God. In Lesson 2 Jesus is in heaven at the right hand of God sharing the glory of the Godhead. How important is this understanding for the average person? Only when we see Jesus as God, can we explain his perfect life, his prayer power, his miracles, and both his resurrection and ascension. If he is not God, how can he send the Holy Spirit? This may boggle the mind: How can two be one? How can one plus one make one?
Sermon: How one and one make one. 10:30
a. The two are one in essence: being, life, love
b. The two are one in truth
c. The two are one in will or purpose
Lesson 1: Acts 13:15, 26-33
If You Were Asked to Preach!
Need: Suppose you were attending church and the appointed lessons were read for the day. Then you were asked to preach on the spur of the moment without any advance notice. What would you say? Do you know the essentials of the Christian faith, the message of salvation (v. 26)? Could this happen to some one? It happened to Paul as the opening words of the Lesson indicate. It may not happen to you, but if it did, what would you say? Peter advised Christians to be able to give a reason for their faith. Just what is the gospel? Every Christian ought to be able to give it.
Sermon: Paul gives us an outline of what we should preach.
a. What man did to Jesus - vv. 27-29: Ignorance of Jesus and the prophets; Crucified and buried him.
b. What God did for Jesus - v. 30: resurrection
c. What we do for Jesus - v. 32: Tell the good news
Lesson 1: Acts 13:14,43-52 - See Easter 5.
Lesson 2: Revelation 7:9-17
1. If You Were in Heaven Now. 7:9-17
Need: People are curious about heaven. Where is Jesus now and what is he doing? John in this Lesson has a vision of Jesus, the Lamb of God. If you were in heaven now, you would see Jesus and his activity. Because of the resurrection, Jesus is alive and working in heaven. People need to know that Jesus is not dead but alive, that he did not stop his work when he left earth but is busy serving even now.
Sermon: What Jesus is doing in heaven, according to the text.
a. He is seated with God on a throne of glory - v. 11
b. He washed his people of their sins - v. 14
c. Like a shepherd, he guides his people to living water - v. 17
2. A victory Celebration - When We All Get to Heaven! 7:9-12
Need: All of us are curious about heaven. Who will be there? Will there be relief from earthly sorrows and problems? John has a vision of heaven as a place and time for a great victory celebration.
Outline: Heaven has a victory celebration -
a. Victory in numbers - v. 9
b. Victory over sin: white robes - v. 9
c. Victory of our King: palm branches - v. 9
d. Song of victory - vv. 11-12
EASTER 5
The Lessons
Acts 14:8-18 (C)
After a miracle of healing, the people consider Paul and Barnabas to be gods. In this pericope we have Paul's first miracle and his first sermon to pagans. It is very unlike Paul because no mention is made of Jesus and the resurrection, nor the name of Jesus as the power of healing. The account does not say that the faith of the cripple was faith in Jesus, the Healer. Moreover, a miracle usually ends in the people's glorifying God, but here the people give the credit to Paul and Barnabas whom they consider to be Zeus and Hermes descended from heaven. Paul sees their wanting to worship them as gods as blasphemy. In his address he explains that they are fellow humans and calls upon them to forsake their false gods for the true God who created them and provides them food out of his goodness.
Acts 13:44-52
Rejected by Jews, Paul gives the gospel to the Gentiles.
Acts 14:21-27
Paul and Barnabas revisit and strengthen new congregations.
Revelation 21:1-6 (C)
Revelation 21:1-5 (L, RC)
A vision of a new heaven and earth.
Chapter 21 opens an apocalyptic vision of the final goal of history. The present evil world is coming to an end and a new heaven and earth and a New Jerusalem are in the making by God who makes all things new. The first earth is passing away and the sea is no more, the sea from which came the dragon of evil. Along with evil, death, sorrow, and pain will come to an end. God will live with his people and a new order will come into existence. This turning from the old to the new is now in progress: "I make all things new."
John 13:31-35
Jesus understands his upcoming death as glorification. The church's emphasis on Easter is diminishing and we are now getting ready for the Ascension and Pentecost. In today's Gospel, we have the beginning of Jesus' final discourse. (John 13-17) He tells his Disciples that he and the Father are about to be glorified by his approaching death, resurrection, and ascension. After Judas Iscariot leaves the Upper Room, Jesus announces that his death is near and his death will show how deep is his love for them. In like manner they are to love each other, and by this love the world will know they belong to him.
Prayer of the Day
"O God, form the minds of your faithful people into a single will. Make us love what you command and desire what you promise, that, amid all the changes of this world, our hearts may be fixed where true joy is found."
Hymn of the Day
"Lord of all nations, Grant me Grace"
Theme of the Day: What's New in Religion?
Gospel - A new commandment.
Lesson 1 - A new understanding of God.
Lesson 2 - A new heaven and earth.
Instead of looking back to the Resurrection, we now are looking forward to new realities resulting from the Resurrection. In his death, the Disciples will see a new kind of love which is the kind they are to have for each other. (Gospel) The people of Lystra do not understand that humans can be gods and so Paul gives them a new understanding of who God is and what he does for them. (Lesson 1) In Lesson 2 we look forward to the end of the present world and age to a new world in which God will dwell. The prayer and hymn support the new commandment of love.
Theological Reflections
Gospel:
John 13:31-35
1. Glorify (v. 32). Jesus has an amazing understanding of his approaching death as a glorification of himself and his Father. That is totally opposite of what we think of suffering and the horrible torture of dying on a cross. There must be something about the cross that we do not understand. The glory of the cross is the display of God's love for us. The Son is glorified on the cross for what he accomplished for God and humanity - redemption. Out of the suffering and death came victory over humanity's worst enemies. That is enough for us to glory in the cross as the means of Jesus' glorification.
2. Little (v. 33). This is the one time in John that Jesus used the term, "little children" in reference to the Disciples. "Children" we can see, but "little" children? Were these not grown men? We deserve to be called "little" as the Disciples were because we are little people. We have little faith. We are little in doing good. Compared with the greatness of Jesus, we are less than little.
3. New (v. 34). Jesus calls his command to love as "new." Why would he do that? "Love God with all your heart ..." and "Love your neighbor ..." are as old as the hills. What is new about Jesus' command is "as I have loved you." And how did he love - love that was expressed in dying for us sinners. We have many kinds of love but the new love is self-sacrificing.
Lesson 1: Acts 14:8-18
1. Likeness (v. 11). The people of Lystra thought the gods came down in the likeness of men, Paul and Barnabas. They saw the miracle of making a cripple from birth to stand and walk. Such power and concern are Godlike. Apparently they thought it was possible for the gods to become human. So do we Christians: The Incarnation means God became a man in Jesus. Would it not be great if we could so live and help people that the world would see God in us?
2. Men (v. 15). "We are men like you" is the repeated shout of Paul and Barnabas. Stop bowing down to us and bringing sacrifices to us because we are only humans! In our day we need to know and practice that we are only human and not God. We are in danger of considering ourselves gods and acting as though we were God. Are we playing God in the field of genetics by saying who shall be born or by deciding who shall live or die according to organ transplants? Are heads of state with nuclear weapons acting like God in determining the fate of the world?
3. Good (v. 17). The pagan people of Lystra did not know about God. In spite of this, God knew them. Paul tells them that it is God who created them and provides for them through nature. God is good to the human race whether they acknowledge him or not. This is one good reason for world missions: to tell people who their God is and how he blesses them.
Lesson 2: Revelation 21:1-6
1. New (v. 1). It is a word that attracts most people. We want new rather than used products. A new life, a new beginning, a new spirit are always in demand. We get tired of the old. It may become obsolete, outmoded, and old-fashioned. God is on the side of the new. He makes all things new.
2. Sea (v. 1). The sea is to be no more. Since the sea covers 70 percent of the earth's surface, that is quite a task! Here it is used symbolically for evil. In Apocalyptic literature, the dragon, Satan, comes out of the sea to afflict the earth. It is a way of saying that God will de~troy Satan and all evil. This is our future hope.
3. Bride (v. 2). The new Jerusalem is portrayed as the bride of God. The new Jerusalem is God's new people, the church. It is the feminine factor in the divine family. The Bride becomes the wife of Christ and by their union come the children of God.
Preaching Possibilities
Easter 5 and Mother's Day
When Easter 4 or 5 falls on the second Sunday of May which is Mother's Day, the church year should take precedence over a secular observance. However, people expect the sermon to deal with Mother's Day in terms of the family. It would be as bad to ignore Mother's Day as to discard the lessons for Easter 5. Mother's Day gives the preacher an appropriate time to bring a message on the Christian home at a time when the home is fast disintegrating. The lections and theme of the day can happily be applied to Mother's Day without doing violence to the message and meaning of Easter 5.
1. The Ideal Home. Revelation 21:1-5
Need: In a day when homes are fast breaking up by separation and divorce and when many homes still intact are miserable, we need to find the formula for keeping our families together and happy. In the text John uses the imagery of the family to describe the new Kingdom of God. If the formula is followed, homes can be a heaven on earth.
Outline: the ideal home for you is -
a. A home where Christ is the husband - v. 2.
A home whose head is Christ.
b. A home where the bride is the church - v. 2.
A home where the church exists; the family is also God's family.
c. A home where the children belong to God - v. 3.
A home where God takes away sorrow, death, and pain.
2. A House of Love. John 13:34-35
Need: Love is what keeps a home intact and happy. In 1977 Ann Landers learned in a poll she took of her readers that 70 percent of the 30,000 replies indicated that if parents had to do it over again, they would not have had children. Of 50,000 replies 52 percent reported that spouses would not marry the same person again. A growing problem in America is parents' abuse of their children. The state of Florida reported in 1975 that since 1971, 116,107 child-abuse complaints were received: 52 dead upon arrival at a hospital; 38 died of injuries, 3,428 sexually assaulted, 19,510 severely beaten, 25,175 left unattended, 29,694 victims of disorganized family life, 9,435 lacked food, clothing and shelter, and 7,064 were medically neglected.
Outline: The kind of love that transforms a house into a home.
a. A commanded love - "A new commandment ..."
b. A family love - "You love one another"
c. A witnessing love - "By this all men will know you are my disciples"
Gospel:
John 13:31-35
1. What's New About Love? 13:34
Need: Can there be anything new about love? Hasn't all been said in love stories, love poems, and love songs? To love is not a new commandment: "You shall love the Lord your God ..."; "You shall love your neighbor as yourself." (Leviticus 19:18) The commandment is not new, but the love is new. This is the kind of love the world does not know. It is Christian love.
Outline: A new kind of love - "As I have loved you"
a. A universal love - Jesus loved all regardless of race, sex, or moral condition.
b. An unmerited love - Jesus loved persons as persons, not because they were worthy of his love.
c. A sacrificial love - Jesus loved all the way, even to total sacrifice. His love had a cross on it.
2. The Church is for Lovers. 13:34-35
Need: "Virginia is for lovers" is an ad to attract visitors to the state. It is true also that the church is for lovers, and when the world sees that love, people will be drawn to her. Jesus commanded his disciples to love each other. The world would recognize them as Christians because of their love. In the first century the pagan world exclaimed about Christians, "Behold, how they love one another!" While this should be the case in the church, how factual is it today? Does a visitor feel love among the members? Do the members really love each other? Is there compassion or judgment in the church? Are gossip, dissension, and schism earmarks of love? In many churches there is a crying need for love. This new commandment does not apply to Christians' love of the world but of each other in the church; a subject we seldom hear from the pulpit.
Outline: The church is for lovers.
a. Commanded to love - Christians love in obedience: "A new commandment."
b. People to love - fellow Christians: "Love one another."
c. Nature of that love - "As I have loved you"
d. Evidence of that love - "all men will know"
Lesson 1: Acts 14:8-18
1. Let's Get It Straight! 14:8-18
Need: Like the people of Lystra, we, too, get confused about God and humanity. The populace thought the miracle of healing the cripple proved that Paul and Barnabas were gods. Do we today confuse people with God? In miracles of healing do we credit the healing evangelist or God? In the miracles of medical science - organ transplants, bypass heart surgery, test-tube babies - do we credit humans or do we see God using people as instruments of healing?
Outline: Let's get it straight -
a. Our confusion
1. Men or gods? - vv. 11-13
2. Resurrection or descension? - v. 11
3. Healing: Paul or Jesus? - vv. 9-10
b. Getting the confusion straight -
1. Christ heals, not Paul - vv. 9-10
2. Men are only men - v. 15
3. God is the only God - vv. 15-17
2. We are Only Human. 14:8-13
Need: Sometimes we forget that we are only human and want to play God. We need to realize who we humans are and say with Paul, "We also are men." In today's scientific and technological society we may think we are God because we have the know-how and power: to fly into space, implant artificial hearts, construct computers, manipulate genetics, and control the environment. In days when we can perform so many miracles, we need to be reminded that we are only humans after all.
Outline: Remember -
a. We are only human like everyone else - v. 15
b. We are only instruments in God's hands - vv. 8-11
c. We are only messengers of God, not God - vv. 15-17
Lesson 1: Acts 13:44-52
"Your Gospel Too Small?" 13:44-52
Need: The tendency is to limit the gospel. Christianity began as a religion primarily for the Jews. In today's Lesson 1, Christianity breaks out of its Jewish cocoon and becomes a religion for humanity and not for only one race or nation. There is a tendency in our day to restrict the gospel to personal needs, to a congregation ("My parish is my world"), to a race ("Blacks not welcome"), or to a nation ("I don't believe in missions.").
Outline: the gospel is as big as the world.
a. It fulfills prophecy - 13:47
b. It obeys Christ's command - "Go and make disciples ..."
c. It corresponds to the cross - "And I, if I be lifted up ..."
Lesson 1: Acts 14:21-27
Don't Stop Now!
Need: Christians frequently stumble after the first blush of success. Once a good beginning has been made we need to press on with the work of nurture, discipline, encouragement, and mutual growth.
1. Paul and Barnabas made a good beginning
a. They started congregations throughout Asia Minor
b. In spite of opposition and persecution, they persevered
c. The congregations took root, but needed encouragement
2. A good beginning is just a beginning after all
a. Suppose we planted an impressive garden and watered it until the first shoots came, then let it dry up and die!
b. The hard work sometimes brings the real fruit
1. In ministry to one another in the church
2. In living out the Christian life
c. Paul and Barnabas returned to nurture what they'd started, even when they were harassed. We need to learn from them.
Lesson 2: Revelation 21:1-5
"What's New about the News?" 21:5 - "Behold, I make all things new."
Need: The world is ever looking for something new: new information, gadgets, approaches, ideas. Is there anything new about the "good news?" In this Lesson, God tells us he makes all things new. The newness began with the Resurrection and it ends with a whole new heaven and earth. Christians are a part of this newness now.
Outline: What's new about the news.
a. We are in a covenant with a New Testament - Matthew 26:28
b. We are a new creation - 2 Corinthians 5:17
c. We obey a new commandment - John 13:34
d. We live in a new Jerusalem - Revelation 21:2
2. A New World is A-borning. 21:1-6
Need: God's new world is not only for the distant future, but it is in the making now. "Behold, I make all things new" - "I am making all things new." God is in the process of transforming the old into a new world. This is what we want and need. Our present world is saturated with the power of evil. Satan struts across the continents inciting the nations to nuclear war. People are morally corrupt, killing one another in terrorism, and dying of hunger. It is time for a new heaven and a new earth.
Outline: A new world is a-borning -
a. The old order of evil is on the way out - v. 1
b. God is in the new world - vv. 2-3
c. Living conditions in the new world - v. 4
Acts 9:1-20 (C, L)
The conversion of Paul on the road to Damascus. This is the first of three Lukan accounts of Paul's conversion from hostility to support of Christ and the church. It is a key incident in the life of the early church. The risen Christ stops Paul in his tracks and enlists him as an apostle. It was a dramatic and radical change in Paul's life, from a persecutor to a propagator of the church. Christ comes to him as light which blinds him. He does not see that opposition to the church is persecution of Christ. After a three-day fast, Paul is baptized by Ananias, receives the Spirit, and begins to preach Christ as the Son of God.
Acts 5:27-32, 40-41 (RC)
See Easter 2.
Revelation 5:11-14
Every creature in heaven and in earth worship Christ, the Lamb. To understand this passage it would be helpful to review the preceding context beginning with chapter 4. God is on the throne in heaven. Around the throne are twenty-four thrones with elders. Before the throne are the seven spirits of God. Also around the throne are the four living creatures. God holds in his right hand a scroll. Only Christ, the Lamb, is worthy to take and open the scroll with seven seals. When the Lamb takes the scroll, the company of heaven falls down to worship him. Now comes our pericope: The multitudes in heaven praise the Lamb, and every creature in earth and in heaven worships God on the throne and the Lamb.
John 21:1-19
Jesus prepares breakfast for Disciples at the Sea of Galilee and recalls Peter. John 21 is considered by many scholars as an appendix to John's gospel by the Johannine school. The passage is an account of another appearance of the risen Lord to his Disciples. Seven of them decided to go fishing. The account is strangely similar to Peter's call in Luke 5: fishing all night and catching nothing, and the miraculous catch of fish. Only John recogized the stranger on the beach as Jesus. True to his nature as an impulsive activist, Peter swims ashore to be with Jesus. After serving breakfast to the men, Jesus recalls Peter as a disciple who was to express his love by feeding Jesus' sheep.
Prayer of the Day
"O God, by the humiliation of your Son, you lifted up this fallen world, rescuing us from the hopelessness of death. Grant your faithful people a share in the joys that are eternal."
Hymn of the Day
"Look, Now he Stands!"
Theme of the Day: Results of the Resurrection
Gospel - The reinstatement of Peter.
Lesson 1 - The conversion of Paul.
Lesson 2 - The worship of the risen Lamb.
Jesus was raised by God from death. So what? What difference does it make? What happened after the resurrection? Our Lessons today tell us of some of the results of his resurrection. The risen Lord comes to seven of his Disciples who are fishing in the Galilean Sea, prepares breakfast for them, and recalls Peter as a disciple. (Gospel) With Paul it is a case of receiving the first call by the risen Christ who confronts him while he goes to arrest Christians. (Lesson 1) Heaven and earth join in worshiping the risen Christ as the Lamb of God who is worthy to be praised. (Lesson 2) The Psalm refers to this worship. The prayer calls upon the people to share in the joy of the risen Lord. The hymn continues the Easter theme of Jesus' resurrection.
Theological Reflections
Gospel:
John 21:1-19
1. Again (v. 1). The risen Jesus again revealed himself. Why again and again and again? He revealed himself to Mary Magdalene, to the Disciples on Easter, again a week later, to the men on the road to Emmaus - again and again. It would seem that once would be enough. Perhaps Jesus revealed him-self over and over to make sure that the church would be certain of his resurrection. Later he appeared to Paul, and he needs to appear to us today so we can say, "The Lord lives!"
2. Clothes (v. 7). When one goes swimming, the custom is to take off one's clothes, at least almost all! In this case Peter put on his clothes and then jumped off the boat to swim to Jesus. Why? Was it only a case of modesty? Or was it a symbol of Peter's guilt for having sinned by his denials? When Adam and Eve sinned, they clothed themselves with fig leaves. When we do wrong, we instinctively want to cover up.
3. Third (v. 17). We can understand, can't we, why Peter was aggravated by Jesus' asking him the same question three times. Since Jesus knew all things, he knew that Peter loved him. Why then repeat the question? Was it to match the triple denial? It was for Peter's sake that Jesus asked him the third time if he loved him. It is easy to flippantly say "Yes." Do you really love Jesus? Do you know what is involved when you say you love him? Three questions give you time to think it through.
Lesson 1: Acts 9:1-20
1. Persecute (v. 5). The risen Christ accuses Paul of persecuting him. "Why do you persecute me?" Paul had no idea of persecuting a Jesus he did not even know, for Paul asked, "Who are you?" Yes, he was persecuting followers of Jesus. At the time Paul did not realize that what one does, good or bad, to one of Jesus' people is done to Jesus personally. "Inasmuch as you have done it unto one of the least of these my brethren, you have done it unto me."
2. Eyes (v. 8). The light from heaven came upon Paul. After speaking to Jesus, Paul opened his eyes but saw nothing. Jesus described himself as the light of the world. As light Christ comes to Paul - a penetrating, blinding light because of the glory of Christ. Like Paul we have eyes but see nothing. We have sight but not insight.
3. Instrument (v. 15). When Ananias objected to Jesus' command to go to Paul, Jesus explained that Paul one day would be his "chosen instrument." A follower and servant of Jesus can best be understood as an "instrument." An instrument is a means to accomplish something. The instrument does not do it and therefore can claim no credit or glory; it is used to doing it. The scapel is a doctor's instrument to bring health. A piano is an instrument to bring forth music. Without an instrument the person is helpless.
Lesson 1: Acts 5:27-32, 40-41 - See Easter 2.
Lesson 2: Revelation 5:11-14
1. Worthy (v. 12). It takes a special person to enter into the secrets of God. Who is worthy to open the scroll that tells of God's future plans for the end of the world? Who is worthy to rule the universe? For such high privilege and responsibility one must be worthy. Who is worthy to come into God's presence? Who is worthy to receive the Holy Communion? Who is worthy to be called into God's service? Think about it: Are you worthy?
2. Lamb (v. 12). The risen Jesus is referred to in heaven as the "Lamb." John the Baptizer hailed Jesus as "the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world." The Lamb refers to the sacrificial Lamb that was killed to take away sins. Jesus is the human lamb given by God for the redemption of sin. Without the shedding of blood, there is no redemption. An awful price had to be paid to reconcile God and humanity.
3. Amen (v. 14). It is a Hebrew word to say "I agree" or "It is true" or "Right on!" It is a way of saying, "Truly, it shall be done." In prayer it is not only a way to end a prayer but to express confidence that God will answer the prayer. In a sermon people may say "Amen" to confirm the truth -"I agree. Yes, you are right about that." The elders in heaven said "Amen" to the declaration that God and the Lamb deserved blessing, honor, and glory.
Preaching Possibilities
Three Lessons
Acts 9:1-20; Revelation 5:11-14; John 21:1-19
I Know My Redeemer Lives
Need: The ultimate proof of the resurrection is the living presence of the risen Jesus in our lives. Circumstantial evidence of an empty tomb, the witnesses, and reason may be helpful, but when the risen Jesus is a reality in our lives there is no longer any question about his reality.
Outline: How do you know Christ lives?
a. He lives to change my life - Lesson 1
b. He lives to recall me to discipleship - Gospel
c. He lives to give me vision - Lesson 2
Gospel:
John 21:1-19
1. Results of the Resurrection. 21:1-19
The gospel for Easter 3 gives us an account of the risen Christ's appearance to the disciples at the Sea of Tiberias (Galilee). Jesus provides and prepares an early breakfast for his friends. We can see Jesus' purpose in going to the disciples:
a. To recover them for his cause
Led by Peter, they went back to fishing, their former livelihood. Apparently they dropped out of the cause of Christ and intended to take up where they left off. Jesus had to re-enlist them as disciples and leaders of the future kingdom. If he had not done this, his cause would have been lost and his mission in vain.
b. To recall
The disciples had left the call to follow him and plant the kingdom. His meeting with the disciples was to renew their commitment to him and his mission. This gospel (John 21:1-14) should be compared with Luke 5:1-11, the calling of Peter after a miraculous draught of fish. John 21:1-14 repeats the fishing all night and catching nothing, the letting down of the nets at Jesus' direction, the multitude of fish, and the calling of Peter. Now Peter is given a re-call.
c. To reconcile
Since Peter's denial, the relationship with Jesus was in need of repair. There had to be a confrontation and a re-establishing of the relationship. Three times Jesus asks Peter, "Do you love me?" Three times Peter confesses he does, and Jesus commands him to care for his sheep. Peter is now re-instated, the relationship is re-established, and Peter again is in charge of the movement. This could be grist for the sermon mill, for many church members are like Peter who have back-slid or dropped out of the church. They, too, need to be re-instated, recovered, and re-charged for future kingdom building.
2. A Cook-Out for a Drop-Out. 21:1-14
Need: There is a wholesale drop-out from church after Easter. Many will not be seen until Christmas. Others have become inactive and are seldom seen at church. This sermon speaks to that need through the example of Peter and the disciples after Easter.
Sermon: Jesus prepares a cook-out breakfast on the shore of Galilee for his drop-out disciples, particularly Peter.
a. The drop-out - "I am going fishing" - v. 3
Peter led other disciples back to their former occupation, fishing. Apparently, they thought the show was over, the movement ended, and that it was good while it lasted. They go back to their former way of life - catchers of fish rather than catchers of men.
b. The Stranger on the beach - vv. 4-8
1. The Stranger gives directions on where to fish.
2. The Stranger is recognized by the disciple who loved the most.
3. The guilt of Peter - puts on his clothes to swim to shore.
c. Breakfast with the risen Lord - vv. 9-14
It was Jesus' party: He provided the food, prepared it, and distributed it. It was another "Last Supper." They had breakfast together as a re-united brotherhood.
3. "It's Just Like Jesus." 21:1-14
Need: People need to really know Jesus. The risen and ascended Christ seems to many to be above and beyond them. They have no idea who he is or what he is like. Jesus needs to be more than an historical figure of antiquity and more than a celestial figure of heaven. How can Jesus be recognized here on earth?
Sermon: The Disciples had the problem of recognizing the risen Lord at the Sea of Galilee. There was a stranger calling to the men on the boat fishing. "The Disciples did not know that it was Jesus." How they came to know who it was - they recognized in the stranger things that only Jesus would do:
a. It was just like Jesus to come to them.
He always came to them when they needed him. Having fished all night and not having caught anything, they needed help.
b. It was just like Jesus to perform a miracle.
Who but Jesus could catch fish when there were none?
C. It was just like Jesus to provide food.
He did it when feeding the 5,000 and when they were in the Upper Room.
Lesson 1: Acts 9:1-20
1. You Can Be Changed. 9:1-20
Need: It is good news that we can be changed. Most of us feel the need of improvement in our lives. We are not what we should be nor what God intends us to be. When the risen Lord comes to us, he makes basic changes in our lives. This can be seen in Paul's conversion.
Outline: You can be changed -
a. From unbelief to belief - vv. 1, 2, 20
b. From blindness to sight - vv. 8, 18
c. From persecutor to preacher - vv. 1, 2, 20
2. Are You Living in BC or AC? 9:1-20
Need: History is traditionally divided into BC and AD - Before Christ and In the year of our Lord. Today's Pluralism is changing this to BCE and CE - Before the Common Era and Common Era. For our individual lives we could call it BC and AC - before and after Christ. In Paul we can see the difference between BC and AC.
Outline: Are you living in BC or AC?
a. Life before Christ
1. Hostile to the church - vv. 1, 2
2. Persecute Christ by sin - v. 4
3. Blind to the nature of Christ - v. 8
b. Life after Christ
1. Prayer - v. 11
2. Chosen to serve - v. 15
3. Witness - v. 20
Lesson 1: Acts 5:27-32, 40-41 - See Easter 2.
Lesson 2: Revelation 5:11-14
1. Is Christ Worth It? 5:11-14
Need: To worship means that the One we worship is worth our worship. How big and great is our God? If he is just one of us, a big brother, or the old man upstairs, we will not feel like worshiping one so like us. To worship we need a transcendent God, the totally other one full of glory, majesty, and power. Before such a One we bow and we adore and praise. In heaven the saints and angels worship before a glorious and majestic God.
Outline: Is Christ worthy?
a. Worthy of being King of kings? - v. 12
b. Worthy of our worship - vv. 13-14
2. What is There to do in heaven? 5:11-14
Need: Many are curious about heaven: what it is like, who is there, and what people are doing there. Some have false ideas about activity in heaven: doing nothing forever, walking on streets of gold, playing harps. Those who do not care for praising and serving Christ on earth may not be interested in the heaven portrayed by John.
Outline: John sees what people are doing in heaven -
a. What everyone does, no exceptions - v. 13
b. Praise the risen Christ - v. 12
c. Worship the Christ - v. 14
EASTER 4
The Lessons
Acts 13:15-16, 26-33 (C)
Acts 13:15-16a, 26-33 (L)
Paul preaches the Gospel in a synagogue at Antioch of Pisidia.
This pericope is part of one of Paul's six sermons in Acts. It is addressed to the assembled congregation in a synagogue at Antioch of Pisidia on his first missionary journey. In this sermon Paul traces Jewish history which culminates in Christ who was killed as an innocent person by the Jews. They did not recognize who Jesus was and they did not understand the prophets. Jesus' crucifixion fulfilled the prophecies and both Jews and Gentiles are the inheritors of the fulfilled promises. The sermon aroused persecution and Paul and Barnabas were driven out of the district.
Acts 13:14, 43-52 (RC)
See Easter 5.
Revelation 7:9-17 (C, L)
Revelation 7:9, 14-17 (RC)
A vision of heaven: who is there and what they are doing.
Chapter 7 is an interlude between the sixth and seventh seal on the scroll opened by the Lamb. The first scene (vv. 9-12) is a victory celebration over persecution. The second scene (vv. 13-17) shows the martyrs in their dress and reward. This vision is to assure those undergoing trials for their faith that they will be able to endure the persecution and will have a future glory with God in heaven.
John 10:22-30 (C, L)
John 10:27-30 (RC)
The Good Shepherd will give eternal life and security to his sheep.
During the Feast of Re-dedication the Jews demand of Jesus a simple, plain answer whether he is the Messiah. His references to himself as the Good Shepherd, Door, and Bread of Life are not clear enough to them. Jesus tells them that his followers know him and that he can be known by his deeds. To know him one must belong to him. His sheep belong to him, know him, and recognize his voice. They know they have eternal life and security in his hands. To be in his hands is also to be in God's hands, for he and the Father are one.
Prayer of the Day
"God of all power, you called from death our Lord Jesus, the great shepherd of the sheep. Send us as shepherds to rescue the lost, to heal the injured, and to feed one another with knowledge and understanding."
Hymn of the Day
"Savior, Like a Shepherd Lead Us"
Theme of the Day: The Identity of the Risen Jesus
Gospel - The Divine Shepherd (v. 30)
Lesson 1 - The Son of God (v. 33)
Lesson 2 - The Lamb of God (v. 17)
Each year the Fourth Sunday of Easter is known as "Good Shepherd" day. The Good Shepherd chapter, John 10, is covered over the three years of the lectionary. The theme of the shepherd is carried in the lections: Lesson 2 speaks of Jesus as the "Lamb." In the Gospel Jesus refers to "my sheep." The prayer refers to "the great shepherd of the sheep." The hymn asks Jesus to lead us like a shepherd.
Theological Reflections
Gospel:
John 10:22-30
1. Believe (v. 25). The Jews of Jesus' day wanted Jesus to tell them plainly and simply whether he was the Messiah. They would never know who he was because they did not "believe" in him. Outsiders - atheists, agnostics, skeptics - will never really know the true nature of Jesus as long as they stand in mockery and unbelief. First one believes and then comes the understanding.
2. Belong (v. 26). Another reason for the Jews' not knowing who Jesus was is the fact that they were not among his followers. They stood on the outside as spectators and critics. Only those in the fold can know, understand, and appreciate who Jesus is. Bernard of Clairvaux understood this when in a hymn he writes, "The Love of Jesus, what it is, none but his loved ones know."
3. Never (v. 28). We have heard it said, "Never say 'never'." It is a broad, all-inclusive word that allows no exceptions. Jesus used the word to assure us that his people will never be taken from him by another person or force. This gives the Christian a sense of permanent security. Indeed, a person may voluntarily leave Christ, but he will not allow anyone nor anything to deprive us of Christ against our wills.
Lesson 1: Acts 13:15-16, 26-33
1. Listen (v. 16). In his opening words Paul asks his congregation to "listen" to what he has to say. Preaching is a partnership. As a minister needs to master the art of preaching, the people need to learn how to listen, for it, too, is an art. If there is no listening, preaching is in vain. The task of the preacher is to make certain that what is said is worth listening to.
2. Because (v. 27). Why was Jesus killed? In his sermon Paul answers. He gives two reasons. First, the Jews did not "recognize" Jesus as the Messiah, the very Son of God who came to redeem the world. If they had known who he was, they would have worshiped instead of crucifying him. Second, they did not understand the teachings of their Bible. If they had, they would have seen Jesus as the fulfillment of its prophecies.
3. They (v. 29). The people who crucified Jesus were unknowingly instruments in God's plan of salvation. Paul refers to "they" as the ones who fulfilled the prophecies by what they did to Jesus. Does this exonerate them from the crime of murdering God's Son. The truth is that God fulfills his promises through the cooperation of people, even the wicked.
Lesson 1: Acts 13:14, 43-52 - See Easter 5.
Lesson 2: Revelation 7:9-17
1. Every (v. 9). Heaven is a crowded place. John sees a multitude there. They come from "every" nation, tribe, people, and language. No one group or even one church has a monopoly on heaven. Baptists need not be surprised that Catholics are there! It naturally follows the fact that Christ died for the sins of the world and not for any segment of it.
2. Who (v. 13). Who are these people in heaven? It is a mystery why an elder would ask the question of John, a mere mortal on earth. The inhabitants of heaven are those who have washed their robes in the blood of the Lamb. Who then gets to heaven? The criterion is not knowledge, power, or wealth. The way to heaven is acceptance of Jesus as Savior by faith.
3. Wipe (v. 17). Here is one of the most tender and compassionate verses of the Bible. None other than Almighty God himself dries the tears of those who have suffered on earth. In love God wipes away tears as a dear mother comforts her weeping child. And it is not some tears, but "every" tear is wiped away. Sorrow is no more. Heaven is all joy.
Preaching Possibilities
Easter 4 and the Easter Season
The gospel of Easter 4 is the first in the Easter gospels not to deal with a resurrection appearance. Yet, it is in harmony with the preceding gospels. On Easter 1 we were given the fact of the resurrection. On Easter 2 we had a faith experience with the person of the resurrection. On Easter 3 we had fellowship with the risen Christ on the shore of Galilee. Now, in today's gospel, we are given the identity of this resurrection person. Is he the same person as Jesus of Nazareth was? Has the resurrection made any difference in him? Who is this glorified Jesus? In Lesson 1, Paul teaches that he is the Son of God. In Lesson 2, Jesus is one with the Father in the glory of heaven. In the gospel, Jesus tells who he is - a divine shepherd, one with God, who knows, keeps, and gives eternal life to his sheep. The sermon for the day may deal with the nature of the Easter Christ, as he was before the cross, and as he is today in the faith of the church and in heaven.
Three Lessons
Acts 13:15-16, 26-33; Revelation 7:9-17; John 10:22-30
Getting to Know the Risen Jesus
Need: The problem some had with the resurrected Jesus was their recognition of him. This was the problem of Mary Magdalene, the two Disciples on the road to Emmaus, and to Thomas. The resurrected Jesus may be difficult for us to recognize because now he is more that a peasant of Galilee. In the Lessons, we learn who he is in his resurrected state.
Outline: The resurrected Jesus is -
a. Your leader: the Divine Shepherd - Gospel
b. Your king: the Son of God - Lesson 1
c. Your Savior: the Lamb of God - Lesson 2
Gospel:
John 10:22-30
1. Jesus, Who?
Need: Our lives depend on knowing who Jesus really is. If the people who asked on Palm Sunday about Jesus, "Who is this?", had known who he really was, they could not have rejected him. If Pilate had known, he would not have sentenced him to death. If the religious leaders had known, they would not have plotted his death, for Jesus prayed, "They know not what they do." At the well, Jesus said to the woman, "If you know who it was who asked you for a drink, you would have asked him for living water." How is it that some recognized Jesus as the Christ - Simeon, John the Baptizer - and others did not - Philip, the disciples on the Emmaus road, Pilate, the Pharisees? How many in today's congregation would recognize Jesus if they saw him? What people do for the church depends ultimately on the degree of realizing who he is. The gospel brings the problem to us by telling of the Pharisees who directly challenged Jesus, "If you are the Christ, tell us plainly."
Sermon: The text tells us how we can know the real Jesus -
a. His words - "I told you," v. 25a
b. His works - "The works bear witness to me." v. 25b
c. His workers (Sheep) - "You do not believe because you do not belong to my sheep." v. 26
2. Spiritual Security. 10:28, 29
Need: People crave security: social, job, financial. Also spiritual security? The need is expressed in the hymn, "Blessed Assurance." A preacher was once asked by a newspaper reporter, "What is the most important thing you have learned about God?" The reply, "That God can be trusted in every circumstance of life." How many can truthfully say, "It is good with my soul" or "I am going to heaven?" In today's gospel, Jesus describes the security his sheep enjoy. There is talk these days about the future soundness of the Social Security system. Will our spiritual security ever fail us?
Sermon: You can be sure for all time of your spiritual security because -
a. You belong to God's flock, "Who has given them to me." v. 29
b. You have Jesus' promise, "No one shall snatch them out of my hand." v. 28c
c. You are given eternal life. "I give them eternal life." v. 28a
3. One and One Makes One. 10:30 "I and the Father are one."
Need: What does it mean to say Jesus is more than a teacher, prophet, or martyr? The ultimate in understanding Jesus' identity is his deity. In the gospel Jesus says he and the Father are one. In quoting a psalm, Paul in Lesson 1 says Jesus is the Son of God. In Lesson 2 Jesus is in heaven at the right hand of God sharing the glory of the Godhead. How important is this understanding for the average person? Only when we see Jesus as God, can we explain his perfect life, his prayer power, his miracles, and both his resurrection and ascension. If he is not God, how can he send the Holy Spirit? This may boggle the mind: How can two be one? How can one plus one make one?
Sermon: How one and one make one. 10:30
a. The two are one in essence: being, life, love
b. The two are one in truth
c. The two are one in will or purpose
Lesson 1: Acts 13:15, 26-33
If You Were Asked to Preach!
Need: Suppose you were attending church and the appointed lessons were read for the day. Then you were asked to preach on the spur of the moment without any advance notice. What would you say? Do you know the essentials of the Christian faith, the message of salvation (v. 26)? Could this happen to some one? It happened to Paul as the opening words of the Lesson indicate. It may not happen to you, but if it did, what would you say? Peter advised Christians to be able to give a reason for their faith. Just what is the gospel? Every Christian ought to be able to give it.
Sermon: Paul gives us an outline of what we should preach.
a. What man did to Jesus - vv. 27-29: Ignorance of Jesus and the prophets; Crucified and buried him.
b. What God did for Jesus - v. 30: resurrection
c. What we do for Jesus - v. 32: Tell the good news
Lesson 1: Acts 13:14,43-52 - See Easter 5.
Lesson 2: Revelation 7:9-17
1. If You Were in Heaven Now. 7:9-17
Need: People are curious about heaven. Where is Jesus now and what is he doing? John in this Lesson has a vision of Jesus, the Lamb of God. If you were in heaven now, you would see Jesus and his activity. Because of the resurrection, Jesus is alive and working in heaven. People need to know that Jesus is not dead but alive, that he did not stop his work when he left earth but is busy serving even now.
Sermon: What Jesus is doing in heaven, according to the text.
a. He is seated with God on a throne of glory - v. 11
b. He washed his people of their sins - v. 14
c. Like a shepherd, he guides his people to living water - v. 17
2. A victory Celebration - When We All Get to Heaven! 7:9-12
Need: All of us are curious about heaven. Who will be there? Will there be relief from earthly sorrows and problems? John has a vision of heaven as a place and time for a great victory celebration.
Outline: Heaven has a victory celebration -
a. Victory in numbers - v. 9
b. Victory over sin: white robes - v. 9
c. Victory of our King: palm branches - v. 9
d. Song of victory - vv. 11-12
EASTER 5
The Lessons
Acts 14:8-18 (C)
After a miracle of healing, the people consider Paul and Barnabas to be gods. In this pericope we have Paul's first miracle and his first sermon to pagans. It is very unlike Paul because no mention is made of Jesus and the resurrection, nor the name of Jesus as the power of healing. The account does not say that the faith of the cripple was faith in Jesus, the Healer. Moreover, a miracle usually ends in the people's glorifying God, but here the people give the credit to Paul and Barnabas whom they consider to be Zeus and Hermes descended from heaven. Paul sees their wanting to worship them as gods as blasphemy. In his address he explains that they are fellow humans and calls upon them to forsake their false gods for the true God who created them and provides them food out of his goodness.
Acts 13:44-52
Rejected by Jews, Paul gives the gospel to the Gentiles.
Acts 14:21-27
Paul and Barnabas revisit and strengthen new congregations.
Revelation 21:1-6 (C)
Revelation 21:1-5 (L, RC)
A vision of a new heaven and earth.
Chapter 21 opens an apocalyptic vision of the final goal of history. The present evil world is coming to an end and a new heaven and earth and a New Jerusalem are in the making by God who makes all things new. The first earth is passing away and the sea is no more, the sea from which came the dragon of evil. Along with evil, death, sorrow, and pain will come to an end. God will live with his people and a new order will come into existence. This turning from the old to the new is now in progress: "I make all things new."
John 13:31-35
Jesus understands his upcoming death as glorification. The church's emphasis on Easter is diminishing and we are now getting ready for the Ascension and Pentecost. In today's Gospel, we have the beginning of Jesus' final discourse. (John 13-17) He tells his Disciples that he and the Father are about to be glorified by his approaching death, resurrection, and ascension. After Judas Iscariot leaves the Upper Room, Jesus announces that his death is near and his death will show how deep is his love for them. In like manner they are to love each other, and by this love the world will know they belong to him.
Prayer of the Day
"O God, form the minds of your faithful people into a single will. Make us love what you command and desire what you promise, that, amid all the changes of this world, our hearts may be fixed where true joy is found."
Hymn of the Day
"Lord of all nations, Grant me Grace"
Theme of the Day: What's New in Religion?
Gospel - A new commandment.
Lesson 1 - A new understanding of God.
Lesson 2 - A new heaven and earth.
Instead of looking back to the Resurrection, we now are looking forward to new realities resulting from the Resurrection. In his death, the Disciples will see a new kind of love which is the kind they are to have for each other. (Gospel) The people of Lystra do not understand that humans can be gods and so Paul gives them a new understanding of who God is and what he does for them. (Lesson 1) In Lesson 2 we look forward to the end of the present world and age to a new world in which God will dwell. The prayer and hymn support the new commandment of love.
Theological Reflections
Gospel:
John 13:31-35
1. Glorify (v. 32). Jesus has an amazing understanding of his approaching death as a glorification of himself and his Father. That is totally opposite of what we think of suffering and the horrible torture of dying on a cross. There must be something about the cross that we do not understand. The glory of the cross is the display of God's love for us. The Son is glorified on the cross for what he accomplished for God and humanity - redemption. Out of the suffering and death came victory over humanity's worst enemies. That is enough for us to glory in the cross as the means of Jesus' glorification.
2. Little (v. 33). This is the one time in John that Jesus used the term, "little children" in reference to the Disciples. "Children" we can see, but "little" children? Were these not grown men? We deserve to be called "little" as the Disciples were because we are little people. We have little faith. We are little in doing good. Compared with the greatness of Jesus, we are less than little.
3. New (v. 34). Jesus calls his command to love as "new." Why would he do that? "Love God with all your heart ..." and "Love your neighbor ..." are as old as the hills. What is new about Jesus' command is "as I have loved you." And how did he love - love that was expressed in dying for us sinners. We have many kinds of love but the new love is self-sacrificing.
Lesson 1: Acts 14:8-18
1. Likeness (v. 11). The people of Lystra thought the gods came down in the likeness of men, Paul and Barnabas. They saw the miracle of making a cripple from birth to stand and walk. Such power and concern are Godlike. Apparently they thought it was possible for the gods to become human. So do we Christians: The Incarnation means God became a man in Jesus. Would it not be great if we could so live and help people that the world would see God in us?
2. Men (v. 15). "We are men like you" is the repeated shout of Paul and Barnabas. Stop bowing down to us and bringing sacrifices to us because we are only humans! In our day we need to know and practice that we are only human and not God. We are in danger of considering ourselves gods and acting as though we were God. Are we playing God in the field of genetics by saying who shall be born or by deciding who shall live or die according to organ transplants? Are heads of state with nuclear weapons acting like God in determining the fate of the world?
3. Good (v. 17). The pagan people of Lystra did not know about God. In spite of this, God knew them. Paul tells them that it is God who created them and provides for them through nature. God is good to the human race whether they acknowledge him or not. This is one good reason for world missions: to tell people who their God is and how he blesses them.
Lesson 2: Revelation 21:1-6
1. New (v. 1). It is a word that attracts most people. We want new rather than used products. A new life, a new beginning, a new spirit are always in demand. We get tired of the old. It may become obsolete, outmoded, and old-fashioned. God is on the side of the new. He makes all things new.
2. Sea (v. 1). The sea is to be no more. Since the sea covers 70 percent of the earth's surface, that is quite a task! Here it is used symbolically for evil. In Apocalyptic literature, the dragon, Satan, comes out of the sea to afflict the earth. It is a way of saying that God will de~troy Satan and all evil. This is our future hope.
3. Bride (v. 2). The new Jerusalem is portrayed as the bride of God. The new Jerusalem is God's new people, the church. It is the feminine factor in the divine family. The Bride becomes the wife of Christ and by their union come the children of God.
Preaching Possibilities
Easter 5 and Mother's Day
When Easter 4 or 5 falls on the second Sunday of May which is Mother's Day, the church year should take precedence over a secular observance. However, people expect the sermon to deal with Mother's Day in terms of the family. It would be as bad to ignore Mother's Day as to discard the lessons for Easter 5. Mother's Day gives the preacher an appropriate time to bring a message on the Christian home at a time when the home is fast disintegrating. The lections and theme of the day can happily be applied to Mother's Day without doing violence to the message and meaning of Easter 5.
1. The Ideal Home. Revelation 21:1-5
Need: In a day when homes are fast breaking up by separation and divorce and when many homes still intact are miserable, we need to find the formula for keeping our families together and happy. In the text John uses the imagery of the family to describe the new Kingdom of God. If the formula is followed, homes can be a heaven on earth.
Outline: the ideal home for you is -
a. A home where Christ is the husband - v. 2.
A home whose head is Christ.
b. A home where the bride is the church - v. 2.
A home where the church exists; the family is also God's family.
c. A home where the children belong to God - v. 3.
A home where God takes away sorrow, death, and pain.
2. A House of Love. John 13:34-35
Need: Love is what keeps a home intact and happy. In 1977 Ann Landers learned in a poll she took of her readers that 70 percent of the 30,000 replies indicated that if parents had to do it over again, they would not have had children. Of 50,000 replies 52 percent reported that spouses would not marry the same person again. A growing problem in America is parents' abuse of their children. The state of Florida reported in 1975 that since 1971, 116,107 child-abuse complaints were received: 52 dead upon arrival at a hospital; 38 died of injuries, 3,428 sexually assaulted, 19,510 severely beaten, 25,175 left unattended, 29,694 victims of disorganized family life, 9,435 lacked food, clothing and shelter, and 7,064 were medically neglected.
Outline: The kind of love that transforms a house into a home.
a. A commanded love - "A new commandment ..."
b. A family love - "You love one another"
c. A witnessing love - "By this all men will know you are my disciples"
Gospel:
John 13:31-35
1. What's New About Love? 13:34
Need: Can there be anything new about love? Hasn't all been said in love stories, love poems, and love songs? To love is not a new commandment: "You shall love the Lord your God ..."; "You shall love your neighbor as yourself." (Leviticus 19:18) The commandment is not new, but the love is new. This is the kind of love the world does not know. It is Christian love.
Outline: A new kind of love - "As I have loved you"
a. A universal love - Jesus loved all regardless of race, sex, or moral condition.
b. An unmerited love - Jesus loved persons as persons, not because they were worthy of his love.
c. A sacrificial love - Jesus loved all the way, even to total sacrifice. His love had a cross on it.
2. The Church is for Lovers. 13:34-35
Need: "Virginia is for lovers" is an ad to attract visitors to the state. It is true also that the church is for lovers, and when the world sees that love, people will be drawn to her. Jesus commanded his disciples to love each other. The world would recognize them as Christians because of their love. In the first century the pagan world exclaimed about Christians, "Behold, how they love one another!" While this should be the case in the church, how factual is it today? Does a visitor feel love among the members? Do the members really love each other? Is there compassion or judgment in the church? Are gossip, dissension, and schism earmarks of love? In many churches there is a crying need for love. This new commandment does not apply to Christians' love of the world but of each other in the church; a subject we seldom hear from the pulpit.
Outline: The church is for lovers.
a. Commanded to love - Christians love in obedience: "A new commandment."
b. People to love - fellow Christians: "Love one another."
c. Nature of that love - "As I have loved you"
d. Evidence of that love - "all men will know"
Lesson 1: Acts 14:8-18
1. Let's Get It Straight! 14:8-18
Need: Like the people of Lystra, we, too, get confused about God and humanity. The populace thought the miracle of healing the cripple proved that Paul and Barnabas were gods. Do we today confuse people with God? In miracles of healing do we credit the healing evangelist or God? In the miracles of medical science - organ transplants, bypass heart surgery, test-tube babies - do we credit humans or do we see God using people as instruments of healing?
Outline: Let's get it straight -
a. Our confusion
1. Men or gods? - vv. 11-13
2. Resurrection or descension? - v. 11
3. Healing: Paul or Jesus? - vv. 9-10
b. Getting the confusion straight -
1. Christ heals, not Paul - vv. 9-10
2. Men are only men - v. 15
3. God is the only God - vv. 15-17
2. We are Only Human. 14:8-13
Need: Sometimes we forget that we are only human and want to play God. We need to realize who we humans are and say with Paul, "We also are men." In today's scientific and technological society we may think we are God because we have the know-how and power: to fly into space, implant artificial hearts, construct computers, manipulate genetics, and control the environment. In days when we can perform so many miracles, we need to be reminded that we are only humans after all.
Outline: Remember -
a. We are only human like everyone else - v. 15
b. We are only instruments in God's hands - vv. 8-11
c. We are only messengers of God, not God - vv. 15-17
Lesson 1: Acts 13:44-52
"Your Gospel Too Small?" 13:44-52
Need: The tendency is to limit the gospel. Christianity began as a religion primarily for the Jews. In today's Lesson 1, Christianity breaks out of its Jewish cocoon and becomes a religion for humanity and not for only one race or nation. There is a tendency in our day to restrict the gospel to personal needs, to a congregation ("My parish is my world"), to a race ("Blacks not welcome"), or to a nation ("I don't believe in missions.").
Outline: the gospel is as big as the world.
a. It fulfills prophecy - 13:47
b. It obeys Christ's command - "Go and make disciples ..."
c. It corresponds to the cross - "And I, if I be lifted up ..."
Lesson 1: Acts 14:21-27
Don't Stop Now!
Need: Christians frequently stumble after the first blush of success. Once a good beginning has been made we need to press on with the work of nurture, discipline, encouragement, and mutual growth.
1. Paul and Barnabas made a good beginning
a. They started congregations throughout Asia Minor
b. In spite of opposition and persecution, they persevered
c. The congregations took root, but needed encouragement
2. A good beginning is just a beginning after all
a. Suppose we planted an impressive garden and watered it until the first shoots came, then let it dry up and die!
b. The hard work sometimes brings the real fruit
1. In ministry to one another in the church
2. In living out the Christian life
c. Paul and Barnabas returned to nurture what they'd started, even when they were harassed. We need to learn from them.
Lesson 2: Revelation 21:1-5
"What's New about the News?" 21:5 - "Behold, I make all things new."
Need: The world is ever looking for something new: new information, gadgets, approaches, ideas. Is there anything new about the "good news?" In this Lesson, God tells us he makes all things new. The newness began with the Resurrection and it ends with a whole new heaven and earth. Christians are a part of this newness now.
Outline: What's new about the news.
a. We are in a covenant with a New Testament - Matthew 26:28
b. We are a new creation - 2 Corinthians 5:17
c. We obey a new commandment - John 13:34
d. We live in a new Jerusalem - Revelation 21:2
2. A New World is A-borning. 21:1-6
Need: God's new world is not only for the distant future, but it is in the making now. "Behold, I make all things new" - "I am making all things new." God is in the process of transforming the old into a new world. This is what we want and need. Our present world is saturated with the power of evil. Satan struts across the continents inciting the nations to nuclear war. People are morally corrupt, killing one another in terrorism, and dying of hunger. It is time for a new heaven and a new earth.
Outline: A new world is a-borning -
a. The old order of evil is on the way out - v. 1
b. God is in the new world - vv. 2-3
c. Living conditions in the new world - v. 4
